representation stereotype

Stanley Hall (1904):

 “ Adolescence is inherently a time of storm & stress when all young people go through some degree of emotional and behavioural upheaval, before establishing a more stable equilibrium at adulthood." Hall also argued that:
1. The common mood of teenagers is a state of depression.
2. Criminal activity increases between the ages of 12 & 24.
3. Young people are extreme and need excitement; “Youth must have excitement and if this is not at hand in the form of moral intellectual enthusiasms it is more prone to be sought in; sex, drink or drugs.”

 Dick Hebdige (1988) argued youths are stereotyped as mixed metaphors of; “Youth as fun,” and “Youth as trouble maker.”

OLD AGE/DISABILITY

EVANS (1998), drawing on the works of Freud and other psychoanalysis, states:

“Disable people are seen as childish, dependant and underdeveloped and are regarding as ‘other’ and are punished by being excluded from ordinary life. Thus popular images and rhetoric of disabled people abound which comfort us with people who are imperfect, helpless, disgusting, shitty, dribbling – a threat to rigid ego boundaries.

Class

Richard Butsch (1992) who says working class males in the media are presented as; "Incompetent and ineffectual, often a buffoon, well-intentioned but dumb. In almost all working-class series, the male is flawed, some more than others..

Laura Mulvey (1975) argued women in the media are used as; ‘Erotic objects of desire for males on screen and in the audience,’ (Mulvey, 1975).

 

Gauntlett (2002) argues males in the media still follow traditional stereotypes as they are shown as, ‘Alpha males who control the action with violence,’ (Gauntlett, 2002).

because he is looking grumpy he fits this stereotype as an alpha male cause he looks aggressive.

Mackillon argues something slightly difference, ‘Males are now shown as sexual objects of desire who are more concerned with image,’ (Mackillon, 2002).

he fits this stereotype because he has his shirt off and has muscles.

                                        Regional/National Identity

Theorist Andrew Higson (1998) writes; “Identity is generally understood to be the shared identity of naturalized inhabitants of a particular political-geographic space – this can be a particular nation or region.”

On classic example in British Music Magazines of connoting it is a magazine for British readers is using the Union Jack flag and colours.